What is hay fever?

Hay fever is a common condition that affects nearly 1 in every 5 people in Australia. Hay fever is also known as allergic rhinitis and is often simply called 'allergies'. Symptoms of hay fever include:

• itchy, runny, swollen or blocked nose
• sneezing
• itchy, swollen or watery eyes

Despite its name, hay fever isn’t necessarily triggered by hay and doesn’t cause a fever.

CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS — Use the Hayfever and minor allergies Symptom Checker and find out if you need to seek medical help.

What causes hay fever?

You may feel the symptoms of hay fever at certain times of the year. This is known as ‘seasonal’ allergic rhinitis. During the warmer months, certain triggers or ‘allergens’ can be found in the air. Such as pollen from:

• trees
• grasses
• weeds
• fungi
• moulds

Hay fever with year-round symptoms is known as ‘perennial’ allergic rhinitis. Your triggers might also include common household allergens such as:

• dust mites
• cockroaches
• animal fur (dog and cat fur)
• fungi
• moulds

Can pregnancy make me more sensitive to hay fever?

During pregnancy you may find that:

• you are more sensitive to your allergy triggers
• your allergies are more troublesome

While the exact reasons for this aren’t clear, it may be due to hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy.

Can allergies or hay fever affect my baby?

While hay fever isn’t dangerous to you or your baby, it can be extremely troublesome.

Hay fever symptoms, such as a blocked nose, can prevent you from sleeping well. It’s important that you sleep well during pregnancy.

How can I manage my hay fever while pregnant?

You can prevent allergy symptoms without medicine by avoiding any known triggers or allergens. This can be a tricky if you are not sure what you are allergic to.

Your doctor may refer you to an allergy clinic to help find out what’s causing your allergy symptoms.

It's important that you are careful about the medicines you take during pregnancy. Some medicines may affect your unborn baby. When pregnant, talk with your doctor and pharmacist about the medicines you can safely take.

There are allergy medicines that are safe for you to take while you are pregnant. Some of these are:

• antihistamine tablets and syrups
• eye drops
• corticosteroid nasal sprays

Speak with your pharmacist or doctor. They can suggest hay fever medicines to ease your symptoms while reducing the risk to your baby.

Can I prevent allergies?

While you can’t prevent allergies, you can try to reduce your exposure to allergens.

Pollen is a common allergen in Australia that can be hard to avoid. You can try to minimise your exposure by:

• staying indoors where possible during pollen season — especially on windy days, or after thunderstorms
• avoiding activities that expose you to pollen, such as mowing grass
• showering as soon as you can after you’ve been exposed to pollen
• switching your car air-conditioning setting to use re-circulated air when pollen levels are high

What else could it be?

Symptoms of hay fever are similar to those of the common cold. But unlike a cold, hay fever is not caused by an infection, and it’s not contagious. Allergy symptoms tend to last longer than cold symptoms.

Some COVID-19 symptoms can also be similar to hay fever, such as a runny nose. However, COVID-19 can cause other flu-like symptoms such as:

• sore throat
• body aches
• headache
• cough
• fever
• fatigue
• loss of taste or smell

If you are concerned that your symptoms may be related to COVID-19, use the COVID-19 Symptom Checker tool.

CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS — Use the COVID-19 Symptom and Antiviral Eligibility Checker to find out if you need medical help.

If you test positive for COVID-19 while pregnant, contact your doctor or midwife for advice. Be sure to rest and stay hydrated.

Another common condition in pregnancy is pregnancy rhinitis. The symptoms are very similar to allergic rhinitis but aren’t associated with an allergic trigger. If you have pregnancy rhinitis, your symptoms will go away after your baby is born.

People with allergies are also more likely to have asthma. While around 8 in every 10 people with asthma also have allergies, not everyone with allergies has asthma. Symptoms of asthma include:

• wheezing when breathing out (including after exercise)
• a persistent cough (especially at night)
• shortness of breath
• chest tightness

If you experience any of these symptoms, ask your doctor whether it might be asthma.

Resources and support

For more information speak to your doctor or midwife about how you can treat hay fever during pregnancy.