Religious fasting - pregnancy and breastfeeding

Fasting is when you don't eat or drink anything, or limit what you eat or drink, for a certain period of time. Depending on your religion, you may fast for certain days of the year or for a whole month.

Fasting is a feature of many religions, such as Islam, Christianity, Buddhism and Judaism. It has been practised for many generations, including during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Research on the long-term effects of fasting is limited. More research is needed to fully understand if fasting during pregnancy is safe for you and your baby.

Some studies have shown that fasting during pregnancy does not affect your baby's birth weight or increase the chance of a preterm birth. Other studies suggest it may lower amniotic fluid levels or affect your baby's wellbeing.

Fasting may cause symptoms such as dehydration and fatigue during pregnancy.

If you are pregnant, it is important for you to check with your doctor or midwife in the lead up to a religious fast. You and your doctor can talk about your health and beliefs to decide if it's safe to fast. This is known as shared decision making.

If you have any medical issues or complications in your pregnancy, speak to your doctor or midwife before fasting. At any time during your pregnancy, if you are fasting and feel light-headed or dizzy, contact a healthcare professional.

The rules on fasting in pregnancy vary depending on your religion and individual health status.

Many religions that include fasting allow exceptions or adjustments for people who are pregnant or breastfeeding.

If you are pregnant and intend to fast, it is best to plan ahead.

Here are some tips on fasting safely:

• Drink plenty of water before and after your fast, to help stay hydrated.
• If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, try to keep a balanced and nutritious diet.

Many doctors do not recommend fasting if you are pregnant in your second or third trimester.

More research is needed to investigate the effects of fasting on your health and your baby's health.

If you have a medical complication during your pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes, speak to your doctor and religious leader before fasting. In general, it's a good idea to confirm with your doctor or midwife that it is safe for you to fast.

Fasting while breastfeeding is not likely to cause any harm to your baby. There isn't much research investigating breastfeeding and fasting.

Below are some tips to help you and your baby if you are breastfeeding and planning to fast:

• Drink plenty of water before and after your fast, to stay hydrated.
• Try to minimise physical activities and exposure to heat as much as possible while fasting.
• Keep breastfeeding as usual to make sure your baby stays hydrated.
• Check your baby's hydration by keeping track of their poos and wees, and comparing this to a normal day.

If you are worried about your baby's hydration, contact a healthcare professional straight away.

If you or your baby have any medical complications, or your baby was born premature, check with your doctor, midwife, or lactation consultant about whether it's a good idea for you to fast.

Seek advice from your trusted healthcare professional (such as your doctor, midwife or lactation consultant) on fasting during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is also a good idea to check with them if there are any situations (such as feeling unwell) when you should break your fast.

You can also seek advice from your religious authority. Consider speaking to a doctor who shares your religious heritage.

Muslims with questions on Islamic law can visit Muslim Women Australia. You can also contact the United Muslims Australia's Social Services Division.

Visit Rahma Health for videos on pregnancy and breastfeeding during Ramadan.

For advice on Jewish observance, pregnancy, breastfeeding and fasting, visit Nishmat. This is an internationally recognised institute for women's health and Jewish law. You can also ask your local Rabbi or religious leader.

Catholics can contact the Catholic Church in Australia if they have any questions about Lent.

• The Australian Breastfeeding Association has a guide to religious fasting and breastfeeding.
• Diabetes Australia provides advice on managing diabetes during Ramadan.
• The Catholic Voice discusses fasting and abstinence at Lent and the difference between them.
• Visit Rahma Health for information on Pregnancy in Ramadan.
• The Australian Breastfeeding Association has translated resources about religious fasting and breastfeeding in a few community languages.