Growing pains in children

Growing pains is a term used to describe general pain in children in one or both legs and sometimes the arms. This pain usually happens in the late afternoon or evening.

Growing pains are common in children between 3 and 12 years old. Up to one third of children experience them at some stage. Doctors don't know exactly what causes growing pains or how best to treat them.

Growing pains are also called 'benign nocturnal limb pains' (BNLP), especially when they happen in the evening or at night.

Growing pains usually feel like an aching discomfort in:

• the front of the thigh
• behind the knee
• in the calf

They often come on in the late afternoon or evening, before your child goes to bed. Sometimes, the pain can wake your child from sleep.

Growing pains may not happen every day. They tend to come and go and can last for months or even years. You may notice growing pains happen more often after an active day, such as when your child has done physical activity or exercise.

The exact cause of growing pains is not known. There are a few things that may play a role:

• increased physical activity
• a lower pain threshold (some children feel pain more easily)
• hypermobility (very flexible joints)

Most of the time, growing pains aren't something to worry about. If your child has any of the following symptoms, it's best to check with your doctor:

• ongoing or severe pain that doesn't get better with a cuddle, massage or pain relief medicine
• swelling, redness or pain in one specific joint or area
• pain caused by an injury
• limping or not wanting to put weight on one or both legs
• pain that only affects one leg (or arm)

Also see your doctor if your child has:

• a fever or is feeling generally unwell
• unusual tiredness or weakness
• loss of appetite or isn't eating well

If you notice your child tripping over their feet or if their feet roll inwards, it might help to see a podiatrist.

There's no test for growing pains. Your doctor will check that there isn't another cause for your child's discomfort. Muscle pain can also be caused by an infection or arthritis.

If there are no worrying symptoms, the pain is usually considered growing pains. One of the main signs of growing pains is that they happen in otherwise healthy children.

Pain-relief medicine, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen is often suggested for growing pains. Talk to your doctor or a pharmacist if you're not sure about the right dose for your child's age and weight.

You can also try:

• gently massaging the sore area — using massage lotion can make it more comfortable and reduce friction
• applying warmth, such as a warm bath or heat pack (wrapped in a towel)
• stretching exercises — focus on stretching the calves, thighs and hamstrings

The repeated pain from growing pains can be upsetting for both you and your child.

Reassure them that it will pass and they'll feel better soon. It can help to give them a cuddle, massage them and use a calm voice to help them feel safe and comforted.

Since growing pains don't usually happen in the morning, remind your child that they will feel better when they wake up.

Growing pains don't cause any long-term issues or harm.

If your child's pain doesn't improve or seems to be getting worse, it's a good idea to check with your doctor.

There's no way to prevent growing pains.

Speak to your child's doctor if you have any concerns about growing pains.

Visit Arthritis Australia for more information on growing pains.